{"id":1749,"date":"2025-10-02T12:19:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T12:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/?p=1749"},"modified":"2025-10-02T12:23:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T12:23:32","slug":"condensatoarele-in-instalatiile-trifazate-de-ce-le-folosim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/instalatii-electrice\/condensatoarele-in-instalatiile-trifazate-de-ce-le-folosim\/","title":{"rendered":"Condensatoarele \u00een instala\u021biile trifazate \u2013 de ce le folosim ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea factorului de putere (cos \u03c6)<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1753\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/554935214_1216744290486569_4149710415729606473_n-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/554935214_1216744290486569_4149710415729606473_n-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/554935214_1216744290486569_4149710415729606473_n-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/554935214_1216744290486569_4149710415729606473_n.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u00cen re\u021belele trifazate, multe sarcini inductive (motoare, compresoare, pompe) absorb putere reactiv\u0103 inductiv\u0103 Q, care nu produce lucru mecanic, dar \u00eencarc\u0103 inutil sistemul.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Condensatoarele furnizeaz\u0103 putere reactiv\u0103 capacitiv\u0103, compens\u00e2nd-o pe cea inductiv\u0103; astfel, factorul de putere cre\u0219te, ideal spre 1.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Rela\u021biile de baz\u0103:\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Putere activ\u0103: P [kW]<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Putere reactiv\u0103: Q [kvar]<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Putere aparent\u0103: S [kVA]<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Leg\u0103turi: S\u00b2 = P\u00b2 + Q\u00b2, cos \u03c6 = P \/ S<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Reducerea pierderilor Joule<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Pentru aceea\u0219i putere activ\u0103 P, curentul de linie este:\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">I = P \/ (\u221a3 \u00b7 U \u00b7 cos \u03c6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Cos \u03c6 mic \u21d2 curent mai mare \u21d2 pierderi Joule I\u00b2R mai mari \u00een cabluri \u0219i echipamente.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Cre\u0219terea cos \u03c6 scade curentul \u0219i, implicit, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea conductorilor \u0219i a aparatajului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Diminuarea sec\u021biunii conductoarelor \u0219i a costului instala\u021biei<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Curent mai mic \u21d2 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii unor sec\u021biuni de conductor mai mici, transformatoare \u0219i aparataj de protec\u021bie de calibre mai reduse \u21d2 investi\u021bie \u0219i exploatare mai eficiente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"4\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Stabilizarea tensiunii<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Reducerea fluxului de putere reactiv\u0103 prin linii mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 c\u0103derile de tensiune pe R \u0219i X ale re\u021belei \u21d2 tensiunea la bornele receptoarelor devine mai stabil\u0103, mai ales la porniri\/varia\u021bii de sarcin\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"5\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Evitarea penalit\u0103\u021bilor operatorului de distribu\u021bie<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Distribuitorii factureaz\u0103\/penalizeaz\u0103 factorul de putere sc\u0103zut (consum excesiv de energie reactiva).<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Compensarea cu baterii de condensatoare reduce costurile prin limitarea consumului de energie reactiv\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1750\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1750\" style=\"width: 241px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n-251x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n-251x300.jpg 251w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n-858x1024.jpg 858w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n-768x916.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n-1287x1536.jpg 1287w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1750\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>Exemplu practic<\/h4>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Motor trifazat: P = 30 kW, cos \u03c6\u2081 = 0,70; tensiune linie U = 400 V.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u021aint\u0103: cos \u03c6\u2082 = 0,95.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Dimensionarea bateriei de condensatoare:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Formula: Qc = P \u00b7 (tan \u03c6\u2081 \u2212 tan \u03c6\u2082), unde \u03c6 = arccos(cos \u03c6)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u03c6\u2081 = arccos(0,70) \u2248 45,57\u00b0, tan \u03c6\u2081 \u2248 1,020<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u03c6\u2082 = arccos(0,95) \u2248 18,19\u00b0, tan \u03c6\u2082 \u2248 0,328<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Qc \u2248 30 \u00b7 (1,020 \u2212 0,328) \u2248 30 \u00b7 0,692 \u2248 20,8 kvar<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Se alege tipic o baterie standardizat\u0103 de ~25 kvar, \u00een trepte (ex. 5 + 5 + 10 + 5 kvar) pentru reglaj fin \u0219i pentru a evita supracompensarea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Curentul de linie \u00eenainte\/dup\u0103 compensare:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u00cenainte: I\u2081 = 30 000 \/ (\u221a3 \u00b7 400 \u00b7 0,70) \u2248 61,8 A<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Dup\u0103: I\u2082 = 30 000 \/ (\u221a3 \u00b7 400 \u00b7 0,95) \u2248 45,6 A<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Reducere curent \u2248 26%; pierderile Joule scad aproximativ propor\u021bional cu (I\u2082\/I\u2081)\u00b2 \u2248 (0,74)\u00b2 \u2248 0,55 \u21d2 ~45% mai mici.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\" start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Efecte practice:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Curent redus, pierderi mai mici, economie de energie, tensiune mai stabil\u0103, eficien\u021b\u0103 global\u0103 mai bun\u0103 \u0219i evitarea penalit\u0103\u021bilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\">\u2705 Concluzie<br \/>Bateriile de condensatoare \u00een instala\u021biile trifazate corecteaz\u0103 factorul de putere, reduc pierderile \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lzirea instala\u021biei, stabilizeaz\u0103 tensiunea \u0219i diminueaz\u0103 costurile de exploatare prin evitarea penalit\u0103\u021bilor pentru energie reactiv\u0103. Dimensionarea se face pe baza rela\u021biei Qc = P \u00b7 (tan \u03c6\u2081 \u2212 tan \u03c6\u2082) \u0219i se recomand\u0103 utilizarea de trepte automate pentru adaptare la varia\u021biile sarcinii.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea factorului de putere (cos \u03c6) \u00cen re\u021belele trifazate, multe sarcini inductive (motoare, compresoare, pompe) absorb putere reactiv\u0103 inductiv\u0103 Q, care nu produce lucru mecanic, dar \u00eencarc\u0103 inutil sistemul. Condensatoarele furnizeaz\u0103 putere reactiv\u0103 capacitiv\u0103, compens\u00e2nd-o pe cea inductiv\u0103; astfel, factorul de putere cre\u0219te, ideal spre 1. Rela\u021biile de baz\u0103: Putere activ\u0103: P [kW] Putere reactiv\u0103: &#8230; <a title=\"Condensatoarele \u00een instala\u021biile trifazate \u2013 de ce le folosim ?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/instalatii-electrice\/condensatoarele-in-instalatiile-trifazate-de-ce-le-folosim\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Condensatoarele \u00een instala\u021biile trifazate \u2013 de ce le folosim ?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-instalatii-electrice"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/555778514_1218707200290278_5057280903158402257_n.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8WdYv-sd","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1749"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1754,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions\/1754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}