{"id":1770,"date":"2025-10-11T10:40:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T10:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/?p=1770"},"modified":"2025-10-11T13:59:36","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T13:59:36","slug":"de-ce-iau-foc-paourile-solare-ep1-hot-spots-puncte-fierbinti-si-solutia-diodele-bypass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/fotovoltaice\/de-ce-iau-foc-paourile-solare-ep1-hot-spots-puncte-fierbinti-si-solutia-diodele-bypass\/","title":{"rendered":"De Ce Iau Foc Paourile Solare ? (NU ! Nu sunt cablurile !) Ep1. Hot-Spots"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p><p><\/p><p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><\/p><h2><span style=\"font-size: revert;\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wWKtaN7BtQI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Cum apare fenomenul Hot-Spot?<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><strong>Celule conectate \u00een serie:<\/strong> Celulele fotovoltaice dintr-un panou sunt conectate \u00een serie pentru a produce o tensiune mai mare. \u00centr-o conexiune \u00een serie, curentul total este limitat de celula care produce cel mai pu\u021bin curent.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1774\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Figure-1.v1-300x115.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Figure-1.v1-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Figure-1.v1-1024x393.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Figure-1.v1-768x295.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Figure-1.v1.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><strong>Umbrire sau defect:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Umbrire par\u021bial\u0103:<\/strong> C\u00e2nd o celul\u0103 sau un grup de celule este umbrit de frunze, murd\u0103rie, z\u0103pad\u0103, cl\u0103diri, st\u00e2lpi sau alte obstacole, capacitatea sa de a genera curent scade drastic.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Defecte de fabrica\u021bie:<\/strong> O celul\u0103 poate avea un defect intern (microfisuri, conexiuni slabe) care \u00eei reduce performan\u021ba.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Deteriorare:<\/strong> O celul\u0103 poate fi deteriorat\u0103 fizic \u00een timpul transportului, instal\u0103rii sau din cauza intemperiilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><strong>Comportament de sarcin\u0103 (rezistor):<\/strong> Celula umbrit\u0103 sau defect\u0103 nu mai produce curent eficient. \u00cen schimb, celelalte celule iluminate din acela\u0219i \u0219ir continu\u0103 s\u0103 produc\u0103 curent. Acest curent \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin celula slab performant\u0103. \u00cen loc s\u0103 genereze energie, celula umbrit\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 se comporte ca o <strong>sarcin\u0103 rezistiv\u0103<\/strong> (un consumator de energie).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><strong>Polarizare invers\u0103:<\/strong> C\u00e2nd curentul generat de celulele iluminate este for\u021bat s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin celula umbrit\u0103, aceasta devine <strong>polarizat\u0103 invers<\/strong>. Adic\u0103, tensiunea pe celula umbrit\u0103 devine negativ\u0103, iar energia electric\u0103 este disipat\u0103 \u00een ea sub form\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103, \u00een loc s\u0103 fie generat\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5\"><strong>Supra\u00eenc\u0103lzire localizat\u0103:<\/strong> Aceast\u0103 disipare de energie sub form\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 mic\u0103 a panoului duce la o cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 \u0219i semnificativ\u0103 a temperaturii celulei afectate. Aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 supra\u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103 este &#8220;punctul fierbinte&#8221; (hot-spot). Temperaturile pot ajunge la 100-200\u00b0C sau chiar mai mult, mult peste limitele de operare normale ale panoului.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1775\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/download-17-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/download-17-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/download-17-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/download-17-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/download-17.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Consecin\u021be ale fenomenului Hot-Spot<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Deteriorarea permanent\u0103 a celulei:<\/strong> C\u0103ldura excesiv\u0103 poate distruge structura intern\u0103 a celulei, duc\u00e2nd la o pierdere permanent\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de a genera energie.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Delaminare:<\/strong> Stratul de etan\u0219are (EVA) care protejeaz\u0103 celulele se poate topi sau degrada, duc\u00e2nd la delaminarea panoului (separarea straturilor). Aceasta permite p\u0103trunderea umezelii \u0219i a aerului, acceler\u00e2nd degradarea.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arsuri \u0219i decolor\u0103ri:<\/strong> Suprafe\u021bele celulelor \u0219i ale stratului de \u00eencapsulare pot prezenta arsuri vizibile sau decolor\u0103ri maronii\/negre.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Risc de incendiu:<\/strong> \u00cen cazuri extreme, temperaturile ridicate pot duce la aprinderea materialelor din panou, reprezent\u00e2nd un risc serios de incendiu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Reducerea duratei de via\u021b\u0103 a panoului:<\/strong> Chiar \u0219i hot-spot-urile minore, repetate \u00een timp, pot reduce semnificativ durata de via\u021b\u0103 a panoului.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Pierderi de putere:<\/strong> Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 deteriorarea fizic\u0103, hot-spot-urile reduc drastic eficien\u021ba \u00eentregului panou \u0219i, implicit, a \u00eentregului sistem fotovoltaic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1772\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vet-nut-tren-tam-pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vet-nut-tren-tam-pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vet-nut-tren-tam-pin-nang-luong-mat-troi.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Prevenirea \u0219i atenuarea Hot-Spot-urilor<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Diode Bypass:<\/strong> Acestea sunt cea mai important\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 de protec\u021bie. Diodele bypass sunt conectate \u00een paralel cu grupuri de celule (de obicei 10-20 de celule). C\u00e2nd un grup de celule este umbrit \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103 se polarizeze invers, dioda bypass se activeaz\u0103 \u0219i ofer\u0103 o cale alternativ\u0103 pentru curent, ocolind grupul afectat. Acest lucru previne acumularea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i men\u021bine restul panoului func\u021bional.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Cur\u0103\u021bare regulat\u0103:<\/strong> \u00cendep\u0103rtarea frunzelor, prafului, excrementelor de p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i a altor obstacole care pot crea umbre.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Design optim al sistemului:<\/strong> Evitarea umbririi pe c\u00e2t posibil prin pozi\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a panourilor \u0219i luarea \u00een considerare a obstacolelor din jur (copaci, cl\u0103diri).<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Monitorizare:<\/strong> Utilizarea sistemelor de monitorizare a performan\u021bei panourilor poate ajuta la identificarea timpurie a problemelor de umbrire sau a celulelor defecte.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Optimizatoare de putere\/Microinvertoare:<\/strong> Aceste dispozitive, instalate la nivel de panou, pot gestiona individual performan\u021ba fiec\u0103rui panou, atenu\u00e2nd efectele umbririi \u0219i ale hot-spot-urilor mult mai eficient dec\u00e2t diodele bypass.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1773\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1729124743224-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1729124743224-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1729124743224-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1729124743224.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Inspectia panourilor dupa instalare : cereti firmei care v-a instalat sa faca o verificare cu camera cu termoviziune sau si camera cu electroluminiscenta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cum apare fenomenul Hot-Spot? Celule conectate \u00een serie: Celulele fotovoltaice dintr-un panou sunt conectate \u00een serie pentru a produce o tensiune mai mare. \u00centr-o conexiune \u00een serie, curentul total este limitat de celula care produce cel mai pu\u021bin curent. Umbrire sau defect: Umbrire par\u021bial\u0103: C\u00e2nd o celul\u0103 sau un grup de celule este umbrit de &#8230; <a title=\"De Ce Iau Foc Paourile Solare ? (NU ! Nu sunt cablurile !) Ep1. Hot-Spots\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/fotovoltaice\/de-ce-iau-foc-paourile-solare-ep1-hot-spots-puncte-fierbinti-si-solutia-diodele-bypass\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about De Ce Iau Foc Paourile Solare ? (NU ! Nu sunt cablurile !) Ep1. Hot-Spots\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotovoltaice"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/895.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8WdYv-sy","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1770"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1783,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1770\/revisions\/1783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dioda.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}